Skip to content
Fri. Apr 17th, 2026
NEWNMCLE
WE ACCEPT KHALTI PAYMENT [NOTE:FOLLOW THE TEXTBOOK]
Home
SKILL TEST
All Products
Test Hall
Class Room
Syllabus for medical officer PSC
MEDICAL
MBBS ENTRANCE TIPS
IOM/MOE/KU SYLLABUS
Syllabus
TSC
Syllabus of Primary Level Teaching License
Syllabus of Secondary Level Teaching License
mode
Audio
stories
App
Contact Us
Login
Sign Up
An acute condition characterized by inflammation and thrombus formation, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) mainly refers to thrombosis in the deep veins of the legs. Without treatment, this disorder is typically progressive and can lead to potentially lethal pulmonary embolism. DVT commonly begins with localized inflammation alone (phlebitis), which rapidly provokes thrombus formation. Rarely, venous thrombosis develops without associated inflammation of the vein. Causes Idiopathic Endothelial damage Accelerated blood clotting Reduced blood flow, stasis Predisposing risk factors Prolonged bed rest Trauma, especially hip fracture Surgery, especially hip, knee, or gynecologic surgery Childbirth Hormonal contraceptives such as estrogens Age over 40 Obesity Pathophysiology A thrombus forms when an alteration in the epithelial lining causes platelet aggregation and consequent fibrin entrapment of red and white blood cells and additional platelets. Thrombus formation is more rapid in areas where blood flow is slower, because contact between platelets increases and thrombin accumulates. The rapidly expanding thrombus initiates a chemical inflammatory process in the vessel epithelium, which leads to fibrosis (narrowing of the blood vessel). The enlarging clot may occlude the vessel lumen partially or totally, or it may detach and embolize to lodge elsewhere in the systemic circulation. Signs and symptoms Vary with site and length of the affected vein (may produce no symptoms) Pain or tenderness Fever, chills Malaise Edema and cyanosis of the affected arm or leg Redness and warmth over the affected area Palpable vein Surface veins more visible Lymphadenitis Diagnostic test results Duplex Doppler ultrasonography reveals sluggish blood flow. Impedance plethysmography shows a difference in blood pressure between the arms and the legs. Impedance phlebography shows decreased blood flow. Coagulation studies reveal an elevated prothrombin time in the presence of a hypercoagulable state. Treatment The goals of treatment are to control thrombus development, prevent complications, relieve pain, and prevent recurrence of the disorder. Treatment includes: bed rest with elevation of the affected arm or leg warm, moist soaks over the affected area analgesics antiembolism stockings anticoagulants (initially, heparin; later, warfarin) streptokinase simple ligation to vein plication, or clipping embolectomy and insertion of a vena caval umbrella or filter.
error:
Content is protected !!