Mitral valve prolapse-audio

Mitral valve prolapse is also called systolic click-murmur syndrome and floppy mitral valve syndrome. It’s probably a congenital abnormality.
Causes
Autosomal dominant inheritance
Inherited connective tissue disorders, such as Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and osteogenesis imperfecta
Genetic or environmental interruption of valve development during week 5 or 6 of gestation
Pathophysiology
The cusps of the mitral valve are enlarged, thickened, and scalloped, possibly secondary to collagen abnormalities. The chordae tendineae may be longer than usual, allowing the cusps to stretch upward. Mitral regurgitation occurs when the valve permits blood to leak into the atrium.
Signs and symptoms
Commonly produces no symptoms
Late systolic regurgitant murmur
Midsystolic click
Palpitations, arrhythmias, tachycardia
Light-headedness or syncope
Fatigue, especially in the morning; lethargy; weakness
Dyspnea, hyperventilation
Chest tightness, atypical chest pain
Anxiety, panic attacks, depression
Diagnostic test results
Echocardiography reveals mitral valve prolapse with or without mitral insufficiency.
Electrocardiography (resting and exercise) is usually normal but may show atrial or ventricular arrhythmia.
Holter monitor detects arrhythmias.
Treatment
Corresponds to degree of mitral regurgitation
In the presence of regurgitation, antibiotic prophylaxis before invasive procedures to prevent infective endocarditis
Beta-adrenergic blockers
Measures to prevent hypovolemia, such as avoidance of diuretics, because hypervolemia can decrease ventricular volume, thereby increasing stress on the prolapsed mitral valve
Surgical repair or valve replacement

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