Approach to the Patient with Shock: Introduction Shock is the clinical syndrome that results from inadequate tissue perfusion. Irrespective of…

Mechanical Ventilatory Support Mechanical ventilatory Support is a therapeutic method that is used to assist or replace spontaneous breathing. The…

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Introduction Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome of severe dyspnea of rapid onset,…

Approach to the Patient with Critical Illness: Introduction The care of critically ill patients requires a thorough understanding of pathophysiology…

Lung Transplantation: Introduction Lung transplantation is a therapeutic consideration for many patients with nonmalignant end-stage lung disease, and it prolongs…

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Obstructive sleep apnea or hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is one of the most important medical conditions identified in…

Definition and Physiology In health the arterial level of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) is maintained between 37 and 43 mmHg at…

Disorders of the Pleura Pleural Effusion The pleural space lies between the lung and the chest wall and normally contains…

Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Thromboembolism: Introduction Epidemiology Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which encompasses deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism…

Interstitial Lung Diseases: Introduction Patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) come to medical attention mainly because of the onset of…